Eastern India is among the most densely populated regions of the country. The region also has a distinction of combining a relatively high level of land productivity but experiences poor crop yields and high incidence of poverty. Apart from this, disparities across agricultural and non- agricultural sectors within rural areas of the region have continuously increased along with the per capita income growth. The high incidence of rural poverty together with the sheer concentration in absolute terms of the poor in the region forced the government to pay special attention to the region. This led to the launch of the program on "Bringing Green Revolution in Eastern India (BGREI)" in 2010- 11. Faster economic growth in the region in the recent years has made little difference to its overall rankings with respect to other regions' economic development. Many studies have underlined the prevailing high levels of poverty, persistent social inequities, slow diversification and limited employment growth in the region. Good rural infrastructure, modern seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, market services, social networks and institutional innovations are considered key drivers for rapid rural transformation of this region.